Diabetes is a very serious and dangerous disease that requires constant treatment. Along with drug therapy, patients should lead a healthy lifestyle, give up addictions and exercise. It is also important to know what you can eat with diabetes and what foods you should completely avoid.
If you feel very bad, feel unwell, have constant and unrelenting thirst, xerostomia, frequent urination, itchy skin, especially in the area of the feet and groin, contact your doctor immediately. an endocrinologist and perform an examination. These symptoms indicate the development of diabetes.
The disease is really dangerous and difficult, but it is not a sentence. Many people live with the disease. In order to normalize your well-being, maintain a normal blood sugar level and eliminate unpleasant symptoms, you should follow a special diet and know what you can eat with diabetes.
Pathology can develop in both adults and children. The disease is often diagnosed in pregnant women. With proper treatment and a healthy diet, the disease can be controlled.
IMPORTANT
What can you drink with diabetes?
Most patients try to monitor their diet. They do not eat fast food and try to make food as healthy and balanced as possible. But not everyone keeps track of what drinks they drink. People with diabetes should not drink alcoholic beverages, store-bought juices, strong tea, ghee, or sweet soda.
If you want to drink, give preference to the following drinks:
- still mineral water or purified water;
- unsweetened juices;
- jelly;
- compotes;
- weak tea;
- Green tea;
- herbal decoctions and infusions;
- freshly squeezed juice (but only diluted);
- skimmed milk products.
Doctors do not recommend patients to drink coffee. However, scientists have proven that coffee is rich in useful and necessary substances, including antioxidants that help prevent the development of tumors. They are rich in grains and linoleic acid, which prevents the development of heart attacks, strokes and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, you can drink coffee with diabetes, the main thing is that the coffee is natural and without sugar.
Basic rules of healthy eating
Everyone with diabetes without exception should know what to eat with diabetes. Eating all the food in a row worsens the general well-being.
Any diet, including diabetes, has its own characteristics and rules.
Diet therapy should be as follows:
- limit the consumption of carbohydrate products;
- reducing calorie intake;
- use of fortified food;
- five to six meals a day;
- feeding at the same time;
- enrichment of the diet with natural vitamins - vegetables and fruits (except sweet ones, especially persimmons and dates);
- eat small meals;
- elimination of long intervals between meals;
- creating a menu based on GI of products;
- reduce salt intake;
- refusal to eat fatty, spicy, spicy, fried food;
- refusal to use alcohol and sweet soda, as well as semi-finished products and fast food;
- replacing sugar with natural sweeteners: fructose, sorbitol, etc. ;
- the use of cooked, oven-baked and steamed food.
Proper nutrition is the key to good health
Diabetics, regardless of the type of disease, must follow a proper and healthy diet:
- In order to keep insulin levels constant, you need to have a hearty breakfast.
- Every meal should start with a vegetable salad. It contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes and weight correction.
- The last meal should be no later than three hours before bedtime.
- The food you eat should be at a comfortable temperature. With diabetes, you can eat warm and moderately cool dishes.
- Liquids can be drunk half an hour before a meal or 30 minutes after. Do not drink water or juice while eating.
- It's important to stick to a routine. Eating five to six meals a day helps prevent sudden spikes in blood glucose.
- The diet should be enriched with lean fish, low-fat dairy products, vegetables and fruits, and grains.
- Diabetics should avoid sugar and any products containing it.
- The optimal daily calorie intake is 2400 kcal.
- It is also important to monitor the chemical composition of dishes. The share of complex carbohydrates in the daily diet is 50%, proteins - 20%, fats - 30%.
- One and a half liters of purified or mineral non-carbonated water should be consumed per day.
GI (glycemic index) - what is it?
Each product has its own GI. Otherwise, it is called a "unit of bread" - XE. And if the nutritional value determines how much useful substances for the body will be converted into energy, then GI is an indicator of the digestibility of carbohydrate products. It shows how quickly carbohydrate products are absorbed, while increasing blood sugar.
What diabetics can eat while following a diet and table no. 9
Many patients, when they hear the word "diet", take it as a sentence. They believe that their diet will be restricted to a minimum. In fact, everything is far from it. Diet therapy for the disease means limiting calorie intake, consuming complex carbohydrates and eliminating simple carbohydrates. Foodcan be both therapeutic and delicious at the same time, you just need to know what diabetics can eat.
The right food will help control weight and maintain normal insulin levels.
Patients are allowed to use the following products:
- From bread. It is preferable that it is black bread or products intended for diabetics. The daily rate is 300 g. It is also allowed to use grain, whole grain and "Borodino" bread.
- Soups. It is preferable that the first dishes are cooked on vegetable broths.
- Lean meat (veal, beef, rabbit, chicken) and fish: pike, carp, cod. Any method of preparation is not included, only baking.
- Eggs and scrambled eggs. You can consume no more than one egg per day. Abuse of this product is fraught with an increase in cholesterol.
- Dairy products (fat-free milk, cottage cheese, kefir, sour milk, fermented baked milk, natural yogurts).
- Cheese (unsalted and low fat).
- Berries and fruits: grapefruits, raspberries, apples, kiwis. Their consumption helps not only to increase the amount of sugar, but also to reduce the amount of harmful cholesterol.
- Vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, greens.
- Honey (limited).
- Drinks: juice, herbal preparations, mineral water.
All these products can be eaten by diabetics. But the most important thing is to observe the measure in everything. Food should not be greasy. You can't drink alcohol either.
Allowed products for people with insulin-dependent form
The pathology of the first type, or insulin-dependent diabetes, is characterized by severe symptoms, an acute course and increased appetite. In addition to taking insulin, it is important to know what diabetics can eat. A properly formulated diet is the best way to maintain health and well-being.
The diet of patients with type 1 diabetes is similar to the diet of patients with type 2 diabetes. It is allowed to use: non-carbonated mineral water, seafood and lean fish, oatmeal and buckwheat, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, boiled eggs, dietary meat.
IMPORTANT
Pathology table number 9
Patients are usually prescribed to follow the nutrition table no. 9. The diet includes six meals a day, excluding fatty, fried food, spicy, smoked meat, salty food and sweets. The energy value of the daily diet should not exceed 2500 kcal. Diabetics can eat food prepared in any way except fried.
What not to do with diabetes: permitted and prohibited foods, sample menu
Everyone with a serious illness should know what not to do with diabetes. Abuse of harmful products is fraught with failure.
The listed products should be discarded:
- Sahara. It is recommended to replace with sweeteners.
- Baking. Such food is strictly not recommended. In addition to being high in sugar, they are also high in calories, which is not very good for blood glucose levels.
- Fatty meat and fish products.
- Smoked dishes and preserves. These products have a high glycemic index.
- Animal fat, mayonnaise.
- Dairy products with high fat content.
- Semolina and cereal products, as well as pasta.
- Vegetables. If you have diabetes, you can't eat certain vegetables, but if you can't, you should limit their consumption as much as possible: potatoes, fried zucchini.
- Sweet fruits.
- Drinks: sweet soda, concentrated or store-bought juices, compotes, strong black tea.
- Snacks, seeds, chips.
- Sweets. In case of any type of diabetes, especially in case of gestational diabetes, it is forbidden to use ice cream, jam, milk chocolate.
- Alcoholic beverages.
Allowed and prohibited products:
Adequate nutrition along with insulin administration is the key to good health. Adhering to the diet, as well as taking medication, the patient should be for life. This is the only way to maintain normal blood sugar levels. What to eat and what not to eat with diabetes.
Allowed to eat:
- purified water or mineral water;
- weak tea, coffee;
- mushrooms;
- Green peas;
- radishes;
- radishes;
- turnips;
- beans;
- greens;
- carrots;
- beets;
- Eggplant;
- pepper;
- cabbage;
- cucumbers;
- tomatoes.
Permitted use:
- eggs;
- berries;
- fruits;
- soups;
- croup;
- bread;
- legumes (peas, beans, lentils);
- potatoes;
- honey;
- low-fat cheeses;
- low-fat dairy products;
- low-fat boiled sausage;
- meat and fish products.
It is forbidden to eat:
- alcoholic beverages;
- grapes;
- banana;
- persimmons;
- dates;
- sweets (ice cream, jam, lollipops, cookies);
- Sahara;
- seeds;
- canned goods;
- smoked and sausage products;
- fatty meat and fish products;
- fatty dairy products;
- animal fat.
How to replace harmful products
Patients are forbidden to eat high-calorie foods, as such products provoke the progression of the disease and worsen the effect of drugs.
Harmful products can be replaced with useful ones of suitable composition:
- White bread can be replaced with rye flour products.
- Sweets and desserts - berries and diabetic desserts.
- Animal fats are vegetable fats.
- Fatty meat products and cheeses - low-fat products, avocados.
- Cream is a low-fat dairy product.
- Ice cream - hard cheeses, seafood, legumes.
- Beer - dairy products, beef, eggs.
- Sweet soda - beets, carrots, legumes.
- Sausage is a dairy product.
Approximate weekly menu
You can create a menu yourself for each day or at once for the whole week, taking into account what is possible and what is not possible with diabetes. Below is an example of a weekly menu.
The first day.
- Breakfast: salad with cucumbers and cabbage, oatmeal, weak tea.
- Snack: apple or kefir.
- Lunch: vegetable soup, zucchini stew, compote.
- Appetizer: cottage cheese stew.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, boiled chicken fillet, juice.
Second day.
- Breakfast: milk pumpkin porridge, jelly.
- Snack: cookies.
- Lunch: lean borscht, millet porridge with fried pollock fillet, green tea.
- Snack: sour milk.
- Dinner: pumpkin stew, kefir.
Third day.
- Breakfast: boiled egg, sandwich with cheese, coffee.
- Snack: baked apple.
- Lunch: fish soup, buckwheat porridge, steamed chicken dumplings, tomato juice.
- Snack: orange.
- Dinner: milky rice porridge, boiled shrimp, fermented fried milk.
Fourth day.
- Breakfast: scrambled eggs, sandwich with cheese, tea.
- Appetizer: salad with tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers.
- Lunch: cabbage soup, fried fish, compote.
- Snack: raspberry jelly.
- Dinner: boiled turkey, tomato juice.
Fifth day.
- Breakfast: baked pumpkin, apple compote.
- Snack: one apple.
- Lunch: mushroom soup, oatmeal, carrot juice.
- Snack: kefir.
- Dinner: lazy cabbage rolls, sour milk.
Sixth day.
- Breakfast: cottage cheese, coffee.
- Snack: apple juice and cookies.
- Lunch: soup with chicken pieces and buckwheat, fried hake, compote.
- Appetizer: vegetable salad.
- Dinner: steamed beef cutlet, oatmeal, carrot juice.
The seventh day.
- Breakfast: pumpkin porridge, green tea.
- Snack: Any fruit allowed.
- Lunch: soup with rice, chicken stuffed with paprika, tomato juice.
- Appetizer: vegetable salad, cheese sandwich.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, stewed cabbage, kefir.
There can be six dishes. But the most important thing is that the last meal should be no later than three hours before bedtime.
Diabetes diet therapy is not difficult, but necessary. The list of allowed products is quite large, so the diet will not be monotonous. The most important thing to understand is that a healthy diet in case of illness is the key to good health and normal blood sugar levels.